A neck lump can follow infection, but an adult lump lasting 2 weeks without an infectious explanation, or of uncertain duration, needs prompt assessment. This does not automatically mean cancer.
Firmness, fixation, growth, weight loss, swallowing problems and voice change raise concern. The clinician examines the mouth, throat and neck; contrast imaging and fine-needle aspiration may be selected according to risk. Repeated antibiotics without bacterial signs should not delay diagnosis. Causes and assessment differ in children, taking age, general condition and lump characteristics into account.
Assessment considers the lump's location, duration and growth. Ultrasound, needle sampling or contrast CT/MRI are selected according to risk; not every lump needs the same operation. Suspected cancer requires multidisciplinary assessment.
In adults, promptly assess a neck lump unexplained by infection that persists for two weeks or has an uncertain duration. Breathing difficulty, rapid growth or swallowing difficulty needs more urgent assessment.
This information does not replace an individual consultation. Diagnosis and treatment depend on a medical assessment.
Consultation and treatment