Bad breath should first prompt assessment of teeth, gums, tongue coating and dry mouth. Tonsil stones and some nasal or sinus diseases may contribute, but not every case needs ENT surgery.
Appropriate tooth and tongue cleaning, interdental care and dental assessment are initial steps. Persistent nasal discharge, throat symptoms or visible stones may warrant ENT review. Antibiotics are selected only for a suitable infection. Gargling and oral hygiene are common starting measures for tonsil stones; potential surgical benefit must be weighed against bleeding and pain.
Assessment covers the mouth, throat and neck; endoscopy or tests are selected when needed. Antibiotics, acid-suppressing medicines and surgery require an appropriate diagnosis. Avoiding smoke and maintaining suitable hydration may reduce irritation.
Difficulty breathing or inability to swallow saliva is an emergency. Persistent one-sided pain, a neck lump, voice changes or unexplained weight loss should be assessed promptly.
This information does not replace an individual consultation. Diagnosis and treatment depend on a medical assessment.
Consultation and treatment