An eardrum may perforate after infection, mechanical injury or pressure changes. Some small holes heal on their own; failure to close in one month does not automatically require surgery.
Healing depends on size, infection and the condition of the ear. Follow-up and hearing testing guide care. Keep water out and avoid unprescribed drops or irrigation. Persistent perforation, discharge and hearing problems may prompt discussion of repair.
The ear canal and eardrum are examined; hearing tests and tympanometry may be needed. Do not insert cotton buds or other objects. If you have a perforation, a tube or previous ear surgery, a clinician should choose drops or irrigation.
Sudden hearing loss, facial weakness, severe dizziness, swelling behind the ear or rapidly worsening pain require urgent assessment.
This information does not replace an individual consultation. Diagnosis and treatment depend on a medical assessment.
Consultation and treatment